Athenea Engineering sciences journal

Computational Simulation of the Impact of Wastewater Emitters on Coastal Marine Ecosystems

2025-10-07T11:28:29+00:00

This article analyzes the environmental impact of submarine wastewater outfalls on coastal marine ecosystems through a computational simulation approach implemented in Python. A stationary analytical model of advection–diffusion–reaction is used to represent contaminant dispersion in the far-field region of the discharge plume. Two scenarios are compared: a base scenario representing current conditions, and a mitigation scenario involving reduced contaminant load, increased depth, and improved initial dilution. The results show significant differences in concentration levels, area exceeding an environmental threshold, and compliance distance. These findings support the use of simple and accessible numerical models as a decision-support tool for outfall design, environmental assessment, and coastal management in vulnerable areas.

Critical Review of Granule-Fed 3D Printing Applied to Elastomers: Processes, Materials, and Design Strategies

2025-10-07T11:28:08+00:00

This systematic review examines scientific evidence published between 2014 and 2024 on 3D printing of elastomers incorporating recycled materials, focusing on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and pellet-extrusion technologies. Following PRISMA guidelines, comprehensive searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. From 142 records, 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that adding recycled fillers such as rubber powder slightly decreases mechanical strength while increasing surface hardness and significantly lowering environmental impact. A growing trend toward topology optimization and generative design is also observed to enhance structural performance. Overall, the literature supports pellet-based 3D printing of recycled elastomers as a sustainable manufacturing strategy with promising applications in footwear, orthotics, and impact-absorbing components, although interfacial compatibility and industrial scalability remain key challenges.

Optimizing 3D Printing Parameters of Thermoplastic Elastomer Granules for Application in Topology-Optimized Designs

2025-10-07T11:27:57+00:00

This study evaluated the effects of recycled rubber powder (PCR), extrusion temperature, and printing speed on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomeric compounds produced via pellet-extrusion 3D printing. A factorial design was employed to analyze specimens with varying PCR contents. Increasing PCR content decreased tensile strength and impact toughness, while slightly increasing Shore~A hardness. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a minor reduction in melting temperature and enthalpy, with no change in glass transition temperature. Optimal conditions were identified as 220 °C, 30~mm/s, and 10% PCR. A topology-optimized shoe sole fabricated under these conditions exhibited high dimensional accuracy, confirming the feasibility of the process and its potential for sustainable applications in footwear and impact-absorbing devices.

Focus on the Thermoadhesion Mechanism in the Formation of Fayalite-Type Ceramic Deposits in Particle Separators of Fluidized-Bed Reactors

2025-10-07T11:27:48+00:00

This article analyzes the thermoadhesive mechanism that leads to the formation of fayalite buildup in particle separators within fluidized bed reactors. The research focuses on how factors such as temperature, pressure, and the energy released during collisions between particles influence the viscosity change and the plasticity of the system, particularly in the temperature range of 450°C to 750°C and pressures above 5 bars. It is proposed that these buildup forms when the impact energy heats the particles, decreasing their relative viscosity and favoring their plastic viscosity, which facilitates their adherence and buildup on the internal surfaces of the equipment. The use of mathematical models, based on a modification of McClean's creep theory, allows for the estimation of the conditions that generate this buildup, as well as their potential application in the design and control of similar ceramic processes.

Higher education and digital transformation in society: applications of artificial intelligence and computer simulation in university education

2025-10-07T11:28:18+00:00

This research examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational simulation on university education within the framework of digital transformation in higher education. A quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational-descriptive design was employed, using a validated questionnaire administered to 180 students from various academic disciplines. The findings reveal high levels of acceptance and academic use of AI tools, particularly among engineering students and those in advanced semesters. Additionally, a positive correlation was identified between AI usage and academic performance, along with significant differences based on gender and academic level. The study concludes that AI is emerging as a key resource in developing digital competencies, enhancing students' comprehension, autonomy, and academic productivity. This research provides empirical evidence to support the integration of emerging technologies into university education strategies.