Athenea Engineering sciences journal

A review of flow and volume sensors applications in hemodialysis

Stephanie Delia Malave Mendez, Julio C. Martinez Ocasio — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 02:11:32 +0000

This article describes distinct types of flow and volume sensors, and their respective applications used during hemodialysis. Through a review of the literature, new opportunities in the field of non-invasive methods are explored to optimize and develop innovative technologies in the field of biomedical implants and accelerate the completion of kidney disease treatment. The findings reveal that the combination of these devices and noninvasive techniques contributes significantly to the treatment of kidney diseases. In addition, it helps in the development of biological models and the performance of operational/mechanical analyses to predict more effective and rapid implementation methods for patient recovery.

Advances in zinc oxide nanobiosensors for medical diagnostics: morphologies, mechanisms and applications

Luis A. Pescador Nieves, Bryan Diaz Estrada — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 02:37:38 +0000

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures present remarkable morphological, chemical and electrical properties, including a large surface area, semiconductor behavior and a high isoelectric point, positioning them as ideal for biosensing applications. This review outlines the recent advances (2022-2024) in ZnO-based nanobiosensors for medical applications, based on a selection of peer-reviewed, open-access experimental studies extracted from databases including IEE Xplore, Scopus and ScienceDirect. A variety of ZnO morphologies, including nanoflowers, nanorods, nanosheets and nanoparticles have made possible the development of piezoelectric, electrochemical, optical and field-effect transistor biosensors. Experimental data reveal that ZnO-based nanotechnologies achieve rapid detection of lactate, cancer biomarkers, glucose and infectious disease antigens, demonstrating lower detection limits and enhanced sensitivity. Emerging strategies, such as noble metal decoration and integration into wearable platforms or microfluids, have improved efficiency and clinical applicability. ZnO-based nanostructures therefore serve as a promising basis for the next generation of continuous monitoring and point-of-care systems.

Advances in Technologies for the Soldiers of the Future

Edison Luna, Patricio Catana, Jose Calderon, Miguel Ponce — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:35:12 +0000

Emerging technologies enhance soldiers' capabilities, improving safety, accuracy, and efficiency. Exoskeletons, AI, AR, biotechnology, nanotechnology, drones, smart materials, and communication technologies enable the optimization of strategies, decisions, resistance, and situational awareness, being key in modern armed forces. This review paper synthesizes the most relevant advances, their key technologies and the impacts they have on the efficiency of soldiers' strategies during their operations. A systematic PRISMA review was conducted across the SCOPUS, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, and ProQuest databases, identifying review articles on these advances, including practical cases of implementation in military forces in Latin America and Europe. The results show more recent advances such as drone swarms, biometrics for monitoring troops, and high-precision laser weapons. Despite challenges such as costs and technical training, these technologies transform defense, improving its effectiveness and security, driving greater capabilities, and providing competitive advantages in adverse events.

Comparative evaluation of Portland cements type I: technical implications for the construction industry

Sat, 19 Jul 2025 22:56:40 +0000

Cement is an essential part of almost any construction. Its strength and versatility have made it a key material in all types of projects, from simple structures to large-scale projects. This study seeks to compare different brands of Type I Portland cement, with the intention of offering a clear view of how each one performs and helping to make better decisions when choosing the most appropriate material. To this end, technical standards were reviewed and key properties such as cement strength, setting time, fineness, water expansion, and air content were evaluated. All the brands analyzed meet the standard's requirements, and some brands offer advantages. Therefore, rather than seeking the best cement, the goal is to identify which best suits each specific need on site.