Resumen
Las nanoestructuras de óxido de zinc (ZnO) presentan buenas propiedades morfológicas, químicas y eléctricas, como gran área superficial, comportamiento semiconductor y alto punto isoeléctrico, lo que las hace ideales para biosensores. Esta revisión aborda avances recientes (2022–2024) en nanobiosensores de ZnO para diagnóstico médico, basándose en estudios experimentales peer-review y open-access de IEEE Xplore, Scopus y ScienceDirect. Diversas morfologías de ZnO como nanoflores, nanovarillas, nanoláminas y nanopartículas han permitido desarrollar biosensores piezoeléctricos, electroquímicos, ópticos y de efecto de campo. Los resultados muestran detección rápida de lactato, biomarcadores oncológicos, glucosa y antígenos patógenos, con límites de detección menores y sensibilidad mejorada. Estrategias emergentes, como decoración con metales nobles e integración en dispositivos portátiles o microfluidos, aumentan la eficiencia y viabilidad clínica. En conjunto, las nanoestructuras de ZnO se perfilan como plataforma prometedora para la siguiente generación de sistemas de monitoreo continuo y diagnóstico en el punto de atención.
Citas
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